A 9th or 13th is a colour note stacked on top of a shell: the 9th is the 2 an octave up, the 13th is the 6. D9 is the bright, funky dominant; G13 is the classic jazz and soul chord before C.
Add them on the top strings and keep the shell underneath.
G9
D9
Am9
Try this
Play Am9 D9 Gmaj7. Then play D7 in place of D9 and hear what the 9th adds. For a 13th, keep D7 and add B, the 6th, on the top string.
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