Melodic minor raises both the 6th and the 7th of natural minor: E F♯ G A B C♯ D♯. It's a minor chord on top of a major scale's top half, smooth to sing and the root of most jazz minor sounds.
Classical players use it only going up; jazz players use it both ways.
R2♭34567
Try this
Play E natural, harmonic and melodic minor one after another, over an Em drone. Which one sounds most finished?
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